What You Need To Know About Traveling To Vietnam: 23 Essential Tips
Are you planning a trip to Vietnam and feel overwhelmed with the plethora of information out there? With attractions spanning from bustling cities like Ho Chi Minh City to serene sites like Ha Long Bay, it’s no wonder Vietnam is a top travel destination.
This blog will simplify your preparation by offering 23 essential tips, covering everything from visa requirements to cultural etiquette. Ready for an unforgettable adventure? Keep reading!
Key Takeaways
- To travel to Vietnam, you need to obtain a visa based on your purpose of travel, such as a tourist visa or business visa.
- The best time to visit Vietnam is during the dry season from November to April when there is less rainfall and cooler temperatures. However, different regions may have their own monsoon seasons.
- It’s important to take necessary health precautions when traveling to Vietnam, including getting recommended vaccinations and drinking bottled water. Travel insurance is also essential for emergencies and unforeseen circumstances.
- Domestic flights, trains, buses, and motorbike rentals are popular transportation options in Vietnam for exploring different cities and attractions within the country.
Visa and Entry Requirements
To enter Vietnam, you will need to obtain a visa, with various types available depending on your purpose of travel.
Different types of visas
Visiting Vietnam needs the right visa. Here are some types you can get:
- Tourist Visa: This is good for short stays. It usually lasts for up to three months.
- Business Visa: For those who work or have business in Vietnam.
- Student Visa: If you’re going to study, this one is needed.
- Working Visa: If you plan to work in Vietnam, apply for this type.
- Investor Visa: For people doing business in Vietnam.
- Diplomatic Visa: This is for government officials.
How to obtain a visa
You need a visa to travel to Vietnam. Here are the steps to get one:
- You must first have a valid passport.
- If you plan to work in Vietnam, get a work permit before you apply for the visa.
- Apply for the visa at your local embassy or consulate.
- Bring your passport with at least six months of validity when you submit your application.
- You can also apply for an E – visa from the Vietnamese Immigration Department online.
- The E – visa lets you stay up to 90 days in Vietnam.
Validity and expiry
Your visa for Vietnam has a set time limit. It could be 30 days or up to your passport’s expiry date. Always check your visa duration before you travel. You need at least six months left on your passport to enter Vietnam.
For a tourist visa, use an online e-visa application. The online e-visa lasts for 30 days and is easy to get. Sometimes, they can give you an eVisa for up to 90 days! If you get this type of eVisa, it lets you stay in the country for as long as the ticket says – up to 90 whole fun-filled days! You must plan ahead though because once it expires, that’s it – no more travel until you get another one! Check all these things carefully so your trip is free from any hiccups.
Best Time to Visit Vietnam
The weather patterns in Vietnam vary significantly, so it’s crucial to choose the right time to visit.
Weather patterns and seasons
The weather patterns and seasons in Vietnam play a significant role in determining the best time to visit. The country experiences two main climate patterns: the dry season and the wet season.
The dry season occurs from November to April, making it an ideal time for travel. During this period, you can expect cool temperatures and less rainfall, especially in the central and southern regions.
The winter months of December to March are generally drier and cooler compared to other times of the year. In contrast, the rainy season lasts from May to October when Vietnam experiences higher humidity levels and increased rainfall.
It is worth noting that there are also distinct monsoon seasons: the southwest monsoon from May to September brings rain primarily to southern regions, while the northeast monsoon from October to April affects northern areas.
Peak and off-peak travel periods
The best time to visit Vietnam is from March to April when there is less rainfall and the temperatures are milder. If you want to visit Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City during the drier and cooler winter weather, December to March is the peak season.
October to December is a warm and sunny period in northern Vietnam. May, June, and September are also considered good times to visit Vietnam. For pleasant temperatures in Hanoi and North Vietnam, November to April is ideal.
Keep in mind that December and January are the coldest months with temperatures dropping as low as 10°C in most areas.
Festivals and events
Vietnam is a vibrant country with rich cultural traditions and exciting festivals. Here are some must-see festivals and events to experience during your trip:
- The biennial Hue Festival, held in April, May, or June, showcases the cultural heritage of Hue. Enjoy colorful parades, traditional music and dance performances, and spectacular shows.
- Vietnam’s major harvest festival takes place during the full moon between September and October. Experience the joyous celebrations, where locals come together to give thanks for a successful harvest.
- In May, the Phong Sinh festival is celebrated across Vietnam. This lively event is filled with traditional customs and rituals that honor ancestors and pray for good fortune.
- Tet Nguyen Dan is an important traditional festival in Vietnam, usually occurring in late January or early February. Join in the festivities as locals welcome the Lunar New Year with firecrackers, dragon dances, and family gatherings.
- Throughout the year, Vietnam hosts various glamorous festivals that highlight the country’s culture. From music festivals to lantern festivals, there’s always something happening to immerse yourself in Vietnamese traditions.
Health and Safety Tips
Get the necessary vaccinations, take health precautions, and don’t forget travel insurance. Plus, stay safe with these personal safety tips. Read on for more essential tips!
Recommended vaccinations
When traveling to Vietnam, it is important to make sure that your vaccinations are up-to-date. Some essential vaccines for Vietnam include diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), chickenpox, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, and typhoid.
These vaccines protect against preventable diseases and help ensure your health while traveling. It’s also a good idea to check with a healthcare professional or travel clinic for specific recommendations based on your individual health and travel plans.
Remember to plan ahead as some vaccines may require multiple doses or take time to become effective.
Necessary health precautions
To stay healthy while traveling in Vietnam, it is important to take necessary health precautions. Stay informed about current health issues in the country and protect yourself accordingly.
If you are traveling to areas affected by diphtheria, be extra cautious and practice enhanced precautions. Before your trip, make sure to get recommended vaccinations to prevent any potential diseases.
To avoid waterborne illnesses, drink bottled water and use it for brushing teeth as well. Protect yourself from mosquitos by using repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants. Additionally, if you are visiting colder regions of Vietnam, pack warm clothes to stay comfortable.
Importance of travel insurance
Travel insurance is extremely important when traveling to Vietnam. It provides coverage for emergency medical treatment, delays, and lost or damaged baggage. With travel health insurance, you can protect yourself against unexpected emergencies, prepaid/non-refundable costs, and flight delays.
By purchasing travel insurance for Vietnam, you can avoid financial losses that may occur due to unforeseen circumstances during your trip. Accidents, illnesses, and theft can happen anywhere, so having travel insurance is essential for peace of mind while exploring this beautiful country.
Tips for personal safety
To ensure your personal safety while traveling in Vietnam, keep in mind the following tips:
- Pack for the climate: Bring appropriate clothing and footwear to stay comfortable and safe in the varying weather conditions.
- Secure your belongings: Keep important documents, such as your passport and visa, in a safe place. Use lockable bags or hotel safes to protect your valuables.
- Stay alert to potential dangers: Be aware of your surroundings at all times. Avoid isolated areas, especially at night, and trust your instincts if something feels off.
- Be cautious with street vendors: While exploring local markets, be mindful of pickpockets and scammers who may try to distract you. Keep an eye on your belongings and don’t display valuable items openly.
- Use reliable transportation: Stick with licensed taxis or reputable ride-sharing services when getting around. If you’re renting a motorbike, wear a helmet and follow local traffic laws.
- Drink responsibly: Be cautious when accepting drinks from strangers and avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can impair judgment and make you more vulnerable to theft or accidents.
- Follow food safety guidelines: Choose busy restaurants or street stalls with high turnover to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. Drink bottled water and wash fruits thoroughly before eating them.
- Stay informed about common scams: Familiarize yourself with common scams targeting tourists so that you can recognize them and avoid falling victim to fraudsters.
Transportation in Vietnam
Getting around Vietnam is relatively easy thanks to its well-developed transportation system. From domestic flights to trains and buses, there are plenty of options for travelers to choose from.
Renting a motorbike is also a popular choice for exploring the country at your own pace.
Domestic flights
Domestic flights in Vietnam are a convenient and affordable way to travel between major cities like Hanoi, Da Nang, HCMC, and Can Tho. If you’re planning on exploring different parts of the country, taking an internal flight can save you time and make your journey more comfortable.
Vietnam has several airlines that offer competitive deals for domestic flights, especially if you book in advance. Consider choosing one of the four best airlines for a reliable and enjoyable experience.
Whether you’re looking for convenience or wanting to explore more destinations within Vietnam, domestic flights are a great option to consider.
Train and bus options
There are two popular options for transportation in Vietnam: trains and buses. The Vietnam rail system offers three main routes, including the “Reunification Express” that runs between Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, stopping at many of the country’s main attractions along the way.
Travelers can refer to “The Man in Seat 61” for a comprehensive guide on train travel in Vietnam. It’s advisable to book train tickets in advance, especially during peak times like Tet and holidays.
Alternatively, local buses are a budget-friendly option for getting around Vietnam, allowing you to explore different cities and towns without breaking the bank.
Renting a motorbike
Renting a motorbike in Vietnam is a popular and convenient way to get around. Tigit Motorbikes offers sales and rentals for those looking to explore the country on two wheels. However, it’s important to be knowledgeable and take precautions before embarking on your road trip adventure.
Make sure you have a valid license and previous riding experience before renting a motorbike in Vietnam. Safety should always be a priority, so wear appropriate protective gear and follow traffic rules.
With proper preparation, renting a motorbike can make for an exciting and memorable experience in Vietnam’s beautiful landscapes.
Currency and Money Matters
In Vietnam, the local currency is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). You can exchange your currency at banks or exchange offices. ATMs are widely available, and credit cards are accepted in major establishments.
Tipping is not customary, but it’s always appreciated for exceptional service. For more essential tips on currency and money matters in Vietnam, read on!
Vietnamese Dong and currency exchange options
When traveling to Vietnam, it’s important to understand the currency and your options for exchanging money. The official currency in Vietnam is the Vietnamese Dong (VND), and its symbol is ₫.
The exchange rate between 1 US Dollar and Vietnamese Dong is approximately 23,000 VND. Due to the multiple zeros in the currency, many locals shorten the Dong when talking about prices or amounts.
It’s recommended to exchange some US Dollars before your trip since it’s a commonly accepted currency in Vietnam. This will provide you with convenience and ensure that you have local cash on hand for immediate expenses upon arrival.
ATMs and credit card acceptance
In Vietnam, you’ll find that ATMs are readily available across the country, making it convenient for travelers to withdraw cash. There are over 20,000 ATMs in Vietnam that accept Visa cards, allowing tourists to easily access their funds.
International debit and credit cards like Visa and MasterCard are also widely accepted in hotels and shopping malls. However, it’s important to note that not all places accept credit cards, so it’s advisable to carry some cash in Dong for smaller purchases.
When using ATMs, be sure to understand your bank’s rules and fees regarding cash withdrawals.
Tipping culture
Tipping is not customary in Vietnam, but it is highly appreciated if given. Unlike in many Western countries where tipping is expected, tipping in Vietnam is not part of the culture.
In fact, it is a relatively new concept in the country. While there are no specific guidelines on how much to tip, guides and drivers may appreciate a small gesture of a few dollars per day if they have provided exceptional service.
It’s important to note that tipping should be seen as an act of generosity and appreciation rather than an obligation.
Language and Communication
When it comes to language and communication in Vietnam, it’s helpful to learn a few common phrases in Vietnamese.
Common phrases in Vietnamese
When traveling to Vietnam, it can be helpful to know some common phrases in Vietnamese. Here are a few phrases that you may find useful during your trip:
- Xin chào – Hello
- Cảm ơn – Thank you
- Xin lỗi – Excuse me, sorry
- Tạm biệt – Goodbye
- Làm ơn – Please
- Có thể giúp tôi được không? – Can you help me?
- Bao nhiêu tiền? – How much does it cost?
- Tôi không hiểu – I don’t understand
- Đâu là nhà vệ sinh? – Where is the restroom?
- Một, hai, ba, bốn, năm – One, two, three, four, five
Availability of English in Vietnam
English is widely spoken in Vietnam, especially in the tourism industry. Many people can communicate in English, making it convenient for English-speaking tourists. However, Vietnamese remains the dominant language in Vietnam, spoken by 86 percent of the population.
Despite this, there are still opportunities for foreign investors in English centers due to regulated foreign language training. Hiring a guide may not be necessary as English is widely understood and spoken throughout the country.
SIM cards and Wi-Fi options
Stay connected during your trip to Vietnam with the available SIM cards and Wi-Fi options. Wi-Fi is widely accessible in the country, and you’ll find it offered for free at many hotels and restaurants.
If you prefer a physical SIM card, there are affordable options for tourists. These prepaid SIM cards provide internet access and can be easily purchased at convenience stores or phone shops.
Another convenient option is using an eSIM, which allows you to join the internet immediately upon arrival in Vietnam without needing a physical card. With these connectivity options, you can easily stay connected and navigate your way through the country during your travels.
Cultural Etiquette and Customs
Respect local customs and traditions by addressing elders and authority figures with proper deference.
Respecting elders and authority
In Vietnamese culture, it is incredibly important to show respect to elders and authority figures. This is a way of honoring their wisdom and experience. You should always address the eldest member of a group first as a sign of reverence.
In Vietnamese society, elderly people are given the right of way and should be treated with great respect. It’s also important to remember that the head is considered sacred in Vietnamese culture, so be mindful and show respect to it.
By practicing these customs and traditions, you will demonstrate your understanding of Vietnamese cultural norms and respectful behavior towards elders and authorities.
Appropriate dress code
When traveling to Vietnam, it is important to be mindful of the appropriate dress code, especially as a tourist. The culture in Vietnam is conservative, so both men and women should dress modestly and avoid wearing bright colors, particularly in professional or business settings.
For men, suits are considered appropriate attire for formal occasions, while women can opt for skirts and blouses. It is also advisable to keep jewelry to a minimum as wearing large amounts of jewelry is not traditional.
When visiting religious sites, it is important to cover shoulders and chest as a sign of respect. By adhering to these cultural norms and dressing appropriately, you can ensure that you have a respectful and enjoyable experience during your visit to Vietnam.
Local customs and traditions
Vietnamese customs and traditions are deeply rooted in ancestral beliefs and practices. When visiting Vietnam, it is essential to understand and respect these cultural norms. One important aspect of Vietnamese customs is the practice of gift-giving.
When visiting a Vietnamese home, it is customary to bring fruit, sweets, flowers, or incense as a gift. However, it’s important to note that certain items should be avoided as gifts in Vietnam, such as handkerchiefs or anything black.
Additionally, yellow flowers are considered inappropriate because they are associated with funerals. By being aware of these customs and traditions in advance, you can show respect for the local culture and avoid any unintentional offenses during your visit to Vietnam.
Must-See Attractions in Vietnam
From the bustling streets of Hanoi to the serene waters of Ha Long Bay, Vietnam is a country filled with incredible sights and experiences that will leave you awe-struck. Don’t miss out on these must-see attractions that showcase the beauty and diversity of this fascinating country.
Popular and less touristy destinations
Vietnam has a mix of popular and less touristy destinations for you to explore. Here are some places to consider:
- Hoi An: A charming city known for its historic old town and colorful lanterns.
- Ha Long Bay: Famous for its limestone karsts, this UNESCO World Heritage site is a must-visit.
- Da Lat: Located in the central highlands, Da Lat offers cool weather, beautiful landscapes, and unique architecture.
- Phu Quoc: An island paradise with stunning beaches and clear waters, perfect for relaxing and snorkeling.
- Sapa: Nestled in the mountains, Sapa offers breathtaking views and opportunities for trekking.
- Ninh Binh: Often referred to as “Halong Bay on land,” Ninh Binh is known for its picturesque landscapes and ancient temples.
- Hue: Former imperial capital of Vietnam, Hue is rich in history and home to several UNESCO World Heritage sites.
- Mekong Delta: Experience the beauty of the riverside landscape and floating markets in this vibrant region.
Unique experiences and activities
Vietnam offers many unique experiences and activities for travelers to enjoy. Here are some that you should not miss:
- Exploring the limestone caves in Halong Bay
- Taking a cruise along the Mekong Delta and visiting floating markets
- Hiking through the terraced rice fields in Sapa
- Riding a traditional cyclo through the streets of Hanoi’s Old Quarter
- Learning how to make traditional Vietnamese dishes in a cooking class
- Taking a motorbike tour through the countryside and experiencing rural life
- Visiting the ancient town of Hoi An and getting custom – made clothing or shoes
- Going on a street food tour and trying local delicacies like pho and banh mi
- Trekking in the beautiful landscapes of Phong Nha National Park
- Exploring the Cu Chi Tunnels to learn about Vietnam’s wartime history
Essential Travel Tips
Pack light and bring essential items like bug spray, sunscreen, and a good pair of walking shoes for exploring the vibrant streets of Vietnam.
Packing tips and recommended essentials
When preparing for your trip to Vietnam, it’s important to pack smart and bring along some essential items. Here are some packing tips and recommended essentials:
- Backpack: Opt for a backpack instead of a bulky suitcase. It’s easier to carry around, especially if you plan on exploring different parts of Vietnam.
- First aid kit: Include a basic first aid kit in your packing list. This should include items like paracetamol for headaches or pain relief, diarrhea medication, and stomach medicine in case of any digestive issues.
- Lightweight clothing: Vietnam can be hot and humid, so pack lightweight and breathable clothing. Bring comfortable shoes for walking and exploring.
- Rain gear: Vietnam experiences rainy seasons, so it’s a good idea to pack a foldable raincoat or umbrella to stay dry during unexpected showers.
- Travel adapter: Remember to bring a travel adapter as the electrical outlets in Vietnam may be different from those in your home country.
- Power bank: A portable power bank will come in handy to keep your electronic devices charged while you’re out and about.
- Insect repellent: To protect yourself from mosquito bites, especially in more rural areas or during certain seasons, bring an insect repellent with DEET.
- Sunscreen: Vietnam has plenty of sunshine, so don’t forget to pack sunscreen with high SPF protection to shield yourself from harmful UV rays.
- Reusable water bottle: Stay hydrated while on the go by carrying a reusable water bottle with you. Remember not to drink tap water – stick to bottled or filtered water.
- Day bag: A small day bag will be useful for carrying your essentials while exploring cities or going on day trips.
Staying hydrated and using sunscreen
Staying hydrated and using sunscreen are essential tips for travelers in Vietnam. The hot and humid climate can lead to dehydration, so it’s important to drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Carry a reusable water bottle with you and refill it whenever possible. Additionally, protecting yourself from the strong sun is crucial in Vietnam. While Vietnamese people commonly use long clothing or umbrellas for sun protection, as a traveler, it’s recommended to bring your own sunscreen.
Apply sunscreen regularly, especially if you’re spending time at beachside destinations. Consider wearing sun-protective clothing and headwear to further shield yourself from the intense rays of the sun while exploring this beautiful country.
How to experience the local culture
To fully experience the local culture in Vietnam, there are several things you can do. First, be sure to sample local dishes like pho and spring rolls to get a taste of the authentic Vietnamese culinary scene.
You can also explore neighborhood markets where you can shop for souvenirs and immerse yourself in the everyday life of the Vietnamese people. Engaging in traditional workshops, such as cooking classes or crafts, is another great way to learn about the local culture firsthand.
Don’t forget to visit historical landmarks, temples, and pagodas to experience Vietnam’s rich cultural heritage and learn about customs and rituals. Lastly, make an effort to attend cultural events and participate in community activities during your stay.
Bargaining tips for shopping
Bargaining is a common practice when shopping in Vietnam. If you want to get a good deal, here are some tips to keep in mind. First, observe what locals are paying and listen to the prices offered to other tourists.
This can give you an idea of how much things should cost. Next, don’t be afraid to ask multiple vendors for their best price. By comparing different offers, you can negotiate a better deal.
In addition, creating a friendly atmosphere can enhance your bargaining experience. Entertain the vendors, tell jokes, and complement their children or business sense. Finally, remember that bartering is most commonly done at markets in Vietnam where it is expected by both buyers and sellers alike.
Trying local street food safely
When trying local street food in Vietnam, it is important to prioritize food safety and hygiene. While Vietnamese street food is popular for its delicious flavors and unique culinary experiences, there are risks associated with consuming food that has not been prepared in controlled environments.
To ensure a safe dining experience, make sure the meal you order is hot and thoroughly cooked. Avoid eating raw or undercooked foods as they can increase the risk of food poisoning.
It’s also good practice to choose vendors who have a high turnover of customers, as this indicates that their ingredients are fresh.
In addition, pay attention to the cleanliness of the cooking area and utensils used by the vendor. If it appears dirty or unsanitary, it’s best to find another place to eat. Practicing good hand hygiene by washing your hands before eating or using hand sanitizer can further reduce your chances of getting sick.
Tips for solo travelers
Traveling solo can be an exciting adventure, and Vietnam is a great destination for independent travelers. To make the most of your trip, there are a few tips to keep in mind. First, do thorough research and plan ahead.
This includes choosing suitable accommodations and activities that suit your interests. Second, be respectful when taking photographs of people, especially in minority villages. It’s important to show cultural sensitivity and ask for permission before capturing someone’s image.
Lastly, carry small denomination bills as some places may not have enough change available. These tips will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience as you explore Vietnam on your own.
Sustainable travel practices
To make your trip to Vietnam more sustainable, there are several eco-conscious travel practices you can follow. First, choose accommodations that prioritize environmental conservation and community engagement.
Look for hotels or guesthouses that have implemented energy and water efficiency measures, as well as proper waste management systems. Supporting local businesses is another way to promote sustainable tourism in Vietnam.
By eating at local restaurants and purchasing goods from local markets, you contribute to the local economy and help preserve cultural traditions. Lastly, be mindful of your actions during your trip by practicing responsible tourism.
Scams and tourist traps to be aware of
When traveling to Vietnam, it is important to be aware of scams and tourist traps. Here are some common ones to watch out for:
- Price manipulation: Be cautious of individuals who agree on a price for a trip or service and then demand more money upon arrival at the destination.
- Train travel precautions: Use official websites to find information about train travel in Vietnam and purchase tickets online to avoid scams.
- Online ticket purchase: When buying tickets for attractions or events online, use reputable websites or official vendors to ensure that you are not being scammed.
- Familiarize with common scams: Before visiting Vietnam, educate yourself about the different scams that tourists often encounter. This will help you recognize and avoid them during your trip.
- Taxi scams: Be cautious of taxi drivers who may charge excessive fees or take longer routes to increase fares. Use reputable taxi companies and insist on using the meter.
- Cyclos and street vendors: Some cyclo drivers and street vendors may overcharge tourists for their services or products. Negotiate prices beforehand and be aware of what the fair price should be.
Laws and regulations to know
When traveling to Vietnam, it’s important to be aware of the laws and regulations in order to have a smooth and hassle-free experience. Make sure you have a valid passport and obtain the necessary visa or pre-approval before entering the country.
Be cautious about bringing illegal substances or antiques into Vietnam, as this can result in serious consequences. Familiarize yourself with traffic regulations if you plan on driving or renting a motorbike.
Additionally, take the time to understand cultural norms and customs to show respect towards locals. By being informed about these laws and regulations, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable trip to Vietnam.
Conclusion
In conclusion, when traveling to Vietnam, it’s important to be well-prepared. Make sure you pack accordingly for the climate, as the weather can vary greatly depending on the region and time of year.
It’s also a good idea to have rain gear on hand since Vietnam experiences frequent rainfall. Researching and understanding the visa options is essential before your trip, so you can ensure you have all the necessary documents in order.
Additionally, make sure you get any required vaccinations ahead of time to protect your health while traveling. Finally, if you’re planning to visit during Tet or other busy holiday periods, it’s best to book your accommodations and transportation in advance since these are popular travel times in Vietnam.
FAQs
1. Do I need a visa to travel to Vietnam?
Yes, most travelers to Vietnam require a visa. You can apply for a visa online or through the Vietnamese embassy or consulate in your country.
2. Is it safe to drink tap water in Vietnam?
No, it is not recommended to drink tap water in Vietnam. It’s best to stick to bottled or filtered water for drinking and brushing teeth.
3. What currency is used in Vietnam?
The official currency of Vietnam is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). It’s advisable to exchange your money into local currency upon arrival.
4. Are there any cultural customs I should be aware of when visiting Vietnam?
Yes, some important customs in Vietnam include removing shoes before entering someone’s home, dressing modestly when visiting religious sites, and showing respect towards elders and local traditions.
5. What are some must-visit attractions in Vietnam?
Some popular attractions in Vietnam include Ha Long Bay, Hoi An Ancient Town, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), the Mekong Delta, and the Cu Chi Tunnels.