What Is The Capital Of Bangladesh: A Guide To Dhaka’s History, Facts, And Significance

Are you eager to discover the buzzing city that is Bangladesh’s heart and soul? Welcome to Dhaka, a vibrant metropolis teeming with history, culture, and life. This informative guide will walk you through Dhaka’s remarkable journey from its humble beginnings to becoming the dynamic capital of Bangladesh today.

Stick around as we unravel the wonders and attractions that make this city truly unforgettable.

Key Takeaways

• Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and the largest city in the country.
• The city has a rich history, from being named Jahangir Nagar under Mughal rule to becoming the capital of East Pakistan and then independent Bangladesh.
• Dhaka’s topography includes hills, deltas, and rivers, making it a diverse and geographically interesting place.
• The cityscape of Dhaka showcases a mix of modern high – rises and historical buildings like Ahsan Manzil and the Dhakeshwari Temple.
• Dhaka has a hot and humid tropical climate with distinct seasons, including a monsoon season that can cause flooding.
• Unfortunately, Dhaka has lost around 56% of its green spaces over the past three decades, impacting its environmental quality.
• The civic administration in Dhaka consists of two city corporations responsible for municipal services like waste management and infrastructure development.
• Several administrative agencies are located in Dhaka to govern and manage various aspects of the city’s functioning.
• The economy of Dhaka thrives on central business districts (CBDs), bustling industrial areas, trade associations, and a dynamic stock market.

What is the Capital of Bangladesh?

The capital of Bangladesh is Dhaka, which is located in the central part of the country.

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Location of Dhaka

Dhaka sits in southern Asia, on the edge of the Buriganga River. It’s not just a big city; it’s the biggest city in Bangladesh. People from all around come here to work and live. With 17 million people living there, Dhaka is one of the most bustling cities on Earth!

History of Dhaka

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a vibrant past. It was once named Jahangir Nagar under the rule of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1608. It became known for its fine muslin trade during this time.

Later on, British rulers took over in 1765 and made changes to the city structure. The real growth spurt came after India’s partition in 1947 when Dhaka became the capital of East Pakistan.

Big change happened again in 1971 with Bangladesh gaining freedom. Since then, Dhaka has been its proud capital!

Features of Dhaka

Dhaka is big and busy. It is home to 17 million people, making it the ninth-largest city in the world. The city sits on the eastern bank of the Buriganga River. The river adds charm to Dhaka.

This swell of people gives life to its streets full of color, food and sounds.

The city has a rich past too. There are many old buildings that stand tall from history’s pages. These places pay respect to Dhaka’s strong cultural roots. Also, Dhaka plays a key role for Bangladesh because it drives its economy forward.

Geography and Climate

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is located in the central part of the country.

Topography

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is located in a region that has varied topography. In the southeastern part of Bangladesh, there are hills, hillocks, valleys, and forests in an area called Chittagong.

But most of Bangladesh is situated on deltas formed by large rivers coming down from the Himalayas. Dhaka itself is positioned at a relatively low altitude – less than 25 feet above sea level.

This diverse topography adds to the natural beauty and charm of Dhaka and its surroundings.

Cityscape

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a vibrant and bustling cityscape with a mix of modern and traditional elements. The architecture in Dhaka is quite diverse, ranging from ancient buildings to modern high-rises.

Some notable architectural highlights include the National Parliament House, Ahsan Manzil (Pink Palace), and the iconic Dhakeshwari Temple. As you explore the city, you’ll come across narrow alleyways in Old Dhaka that are filled with historical landmarks and colorful markets.

Sadarghat, located on the Buriganga River, is another must-visit spot where you can witness bustling river activities and take boat rides. With its rich heritage and lively atmosphere, Dhaka’s cityscape truly reflects its status as a city of heritage and diversity.

Climate

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a hot and humid tropical climate. The city is located in the delta region of the Padma and Jamuna rivers. Dhaka experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, with distinct seasons throughout the year.

Summers are very hot and can reach temperatures above 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius). Monsoon season brings heavy rainfall from June to September, which can cause flooding in certain areas of the city.

Winters are mild with cooler temperatures ranging between 50 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 24 degrees Celsius). Climate change is expected to have an impact on flooding in Dhaka, making it necessary for the city to implement measures to adapt and mitigate these effects.

Parks and Greenery

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a limited number of green spaces within its area of 306.4 km2. Unfortunately, over the last three decades, Dhaka has lost around 56 percent of its green spaces.

In 1989, the city had 12,745 hectares of vegetation. This loss of green spaces has had a significant impact on the city’s overall environmental quality. Urban green spaces in Dhaka are crucial for providing a respite from the densely populated and highly urbanized areas of the city.

Government and Administration

Dhaka serves as the capital city of Bangladesh, housing various government and administrative agencies.

Capital City

Dhaka, the capital and largest city of Bangladesh, is a vibrant and bustling metropolis. Located just north of the Buriganga River, Dhaka has a colorful history and is known for its rich cultural traditions.

It serves as not only the political center but also the economic and ethnic hub of Bangladesh. With a population of 17 million people, it is the ninth-largest city in the world and seventh-most densely populated.

Dhaka’s significance goes beyond its administrative role as it showcases both modern development and historical charm, making it an exciting destination to explore.

Civic Administration

Dhaka’s civic administration is responsible for managing the city’s affairs. Here are some key aspects of Dhaka’s civic administration:

• City Corporation: Dhaka is divided into two city corporations, Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC). These city corporations handle various municipal services such as waste management, street maintenance, and public health.
• Mayor: Each city corporation is headed by a mayor who is elected by the residents. The mayor plays a crucial role in overseeing the overall development and governance of the city.
• Ward Commissioners: Both DNCC and DSCC are further divided into wards, each represented by a ward commissioner. These commissioners work closely with the mayor to address local issues and ensure effective service delivery to their respective wards.
• Civic Services: The civic administration provides essential services like water supply, sanitation, transportation, and infrastructure development in Dhaka. They strive to improve the quality of life for residents by maintaining roads, bridges, and other public facilities.
• Urban Planning: Dhaka’s civic administration also focuses on urban planning to manage the city’s growth effectively. They formulate policies and regulations related to land use, zoning, and building codes to ensure sustainable development.
• Public Participation: The civic administration encourages public participation through town hall meetings, public hearings, and citizen feedback mechanisms. This helps in involving the community in decision-making processes and addressing their concerns.

Administrative Agencies

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is home to several administrative agencies. These agencies play a crucial role in the governance and functioning of the city. Some notable administrative agencies in Dhaka include:

1. City Corporation: Dhaka is divided into two city corporations – Dhaka North City Corporation and Dhaka South City Corporation. These corporations are responsible for providing various municipal services such as waste management, street cleaning, water supply, and road infrastructure.
2. Planning Commission: The Planning Commission of Bangladesh is an important agency that formulates development plans and strategies for the country. It plays a key role in coordinating and implementing policies related to economic growth and social development.
3. Police Administration: The Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) is responsible for maintaining law and order in the city. It ensures the safety and security of the residents by preventing crime, controlling traffic, and handling emergencies.
4. Revenue Administration: The National Board of Revenue (NBR) is responsible for collecting taxes and customs duties in Bangladesh. The NBR has its presence in Dhaka to ensure effective tax administration and revenue generation.
5. Public Works Department: The Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for constructing and maintaining public infrastructure, including roads, bridges, government buildings, and water supply systems.

Economy of Dhaka

Dhaka boasts thriving central business districts (CBDs), bustling industrial areas, active trade associations, and a dynamic stock market.

CBDs

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is home to several Central Business Districts (CBDs). These CBDs are key economic hubs where businesses and financial institutions are concentrated.

One prominent CBD in Dhaka is Motijheel, which houses the stock exchange and numerous corporate offices. Another important CBD is Gulshan, known for its luxurious residential areas, shopping malls, and international embassies.

The Banani area also serves as a commercial center with many high-end restaurants and boutiques. These CBDs play a vital role in driving Dhaka’s economy forward by attracting investments and fostering business growth.

The economy of Dhaka heavily relies on these CBDs as they provide employment opportunities for people from various sectors such as finance, services, retail, and hospitality. Additionally, these areas contribute significantly to the city’s GDP through trade activities and foreign investments.

Industrial Areas

Dhaka is home to several industrial areas, making it one of the most densely industrialized regions in Bangladesh. These industrial areas play a vital role in the city’s economy and growth.

They contribute significantly to job creation, revenue generation, and overall development. The industries present in these areas range from textile manufacturing and garment production to pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and food processing.

Dhaka’s industrial areas showcase the city’s commitment to promoting economic prosperity while providing opportunities for both local residents and foreign investors alike.

Trade Associations

Trade associations in Dhaka play a vital role in the economy. They support various industries such as agribusiness, garment/textiles, leather/leather goods, and light industries. These associations facilitate networking, collaboration, and business opportunities for their members. They also advocate for the interests and concerns of their respective industries. The government recognizes their importance and encourages foreign investment in these sectors.

Stock Market

The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is where people in Bangladesh can buy and sell stocks. It’s one of the two financial marketplaces in the country. The DSE is located in the Motijheel Park area of Dhaka, which is the capital city.

People invest in stocks for different reasons, like making money when stock prices go up or earning dividends from companies. Since Bangladesh gained independence in 1947, Dhaka has become an important center for politics and business in the region.

Population and Demographics

The population of Dhaka is diverse, with various ethnicities and religions represented.

Ethnicity

Bangladesh’s government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 constitution. These ethnic groups include:

1. Bengali
2. Chakma
3. Marma
4. Mro
5. Tripura
6. Garo
7. Santal
8. Hajong
9. Khasi
10. Bawm
11. Rakhine
12. Uchai
13. Murung

Language

The official language of Bangladesh is Bangla, also known as Bengali. It is spoken by 98.8% of the population in Bangladesh. Bangla is a rich and vibrant language with its own unique script and grammar.

It has a long history that dates back centuries and has contributed greatly to the country’s cultural heritage. As you explore Dhaka, you will hear the melodious sounds of Bangla being spoken everywhere – on the streets, in shops, and at home.

Whether you want to learn a few basic phrases or delve deeper into the intricacies of the language, Dhaka offers plenty of opportunities to immerse yourself in this beautiful language.

Literacy

The literacy rate in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has seen a positive trend over the years. In 2001, the literacy rate was recorded at 69.2%, and by 2011, it had increased to 74.6%.

This shows that more people in Dhaka are becoming literate and gaining access to education. It is an encouraging sign as literacy plays a crucial role in personal development and socio-economic progress.

With a higher literacy rate, individuals have better opportunities for employment and can actively participate in their community. The increase in literacy rates also reflects the efforts made by the government and educational institutions to promote education in Dhaka.

Religion

Islam is the main religion in Bangladesh, with most of the country’s population being Muslim. They form the majority and play a significant role in shaping the culture and traditions of the nation.

There are also notable Hindu communities, particularly among indigenous tribes. In addition to that, there are small numbers of Christians, mostly Roman Catholics, as well as Theravada-Hinayana Buddhists.

Religion holds an important place in Bangladeshi society, influencing various aspects of daily life including festivals, customs, and social practices.

Culture and Arts

Dhaka is a vibrant hub of culture and arts, with its rich literature, diverse festivals, and bustling cultural institutions. Discover the hidden gems of the city’s artistic scene!

Literature

Bangladesh has a rich literary tradition. The country’s capital city, Dhaka, is home to many cultural institutions that promote literature and support local writers. The Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy is one such institution that publishes books focused on Bangladeshi art and prominent artists.

This academy plays a crucial role in preserving and promoting the literary heritage of the country. In addition to publishing books, they also organize events and workshops where writers can showcase their work and connect with other literary enthusiasts.

Whether you’re interested in poetry, fiction, or non-fiction, Dhaka offers a vibrant literary scene for all book lovers to explore.

Festivals

Dhaka hosts various festivals related to culture and arts. Religious festivals celebrated in Dhaka include Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Durga Puja, and Buddha Purnima. Art festivals are a major highlight of Dhaka’s cultural scene. Dhaka’s religious diversity is reflected in its festivals. Festivals contribute to the vibrant cultural fabric of the city.

Cultural Institutions

Dhaka has a vibrant cultural scene with numerous institutions that promote arts and heritage. Here are some of the cultural institutions in Dhaka:

1. Bangladesh National Museum: This museum showcases a diverse collection of artifacts, including archaeological finds, historical documents, and traditional crafts.
2. Bangla Academy: It is an institution dedicated to promoting Bengali language and literature. They organize literary festivals, book fairs, and support research in Bengali literature.
3. Shilpakala Academy: Established in 1974, this academy promotes various art forms like music, dance, drama, and fine arts. They organize workshops, exhibitions, and performances.
4. Liberation War Museum: This museum highlights the history and struggles of Bangladesh during its fight for independence from Pakistan. It preserves artifacts related to the Liberation War of 1971.
5. Bengal Foundation: A non-profit organization that works towards preserving and promoting traditional Bengal art forms like music, dance, painting, and sculpture.
6. Chhayanaut: Known for its dedication to Rabindra Sangeet (songs written by Rabindranath Tagore), Chhayanaut offers musical training programs and organizes cultural events centered around Tagore’s work.
7. Dhaka Art Center: This center supports contemporary artists by providing exhibition spaces and organizing art-related events like workshops and talks.
8. Music Clubs: Dhaka also has various music clubs where artists perform live music across different genres. These clubs provide platforms for local musicians to showcase their talent.
9. Literature Festivals: Dhaka hosts several literature festivals throughout the year where writers, poets, and literary enthusiasts come together to celebrate Bengali literature.
10. Film Festivals: The city also organizes film festivals that showcase both national and international films as well as promote local filmmaking talent.

Annual and Biennial Cultural Events

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is known for its vibrant cultural scene. The city hosts a variety of annual and biennial cultural events that showcase its rich heritage. Here are some of the notable cultural events held in Dhaka:

1. Ekushey Book Fair: This internationally acclaimed book fair takes place every February to commemorate Language Martyrs’ Day. It attracts authors, publishers, and book lovers from around the world.
2. Pohela Boishakh: Celebrated on April 14th, this colorful festival marks the Bengali New Year. Traditional music, dance performances, and food stalls fill the streets as people come together to welcome the new year.
3. Dhaka International Film Festival: Held biennially in January, this film festival showcases a wide range of international films and provides a platform for filmmakers to exchange ideas.
4. Dhaka Art Summit: This biennial event brings together artists, curators, and art enthusiasts to explore contemporary art practices through exhibitions, seminars, and workshops.
5. Bengal Classical Music Festival: Organized by Bengal Foundation, this week-long festival celebrates classical music from across the Indian subcontinent. Renowned musicians perform mesmerizing compositions at various venues in Dhaka.
6. Durga Puja: This Hindu religious festival sees elaborately decorated idols of goddess Durga being worshipped with enthusiasm and devotion. Pandals (temporary structures) are set up throughout the city where people gather for prayers and cultural performances.
7. National Crafts Fair: Showcasing traditional craftsmanship and artisanal products from different parts of Bangladesh, this fair promotes local artisans and their unique skills.
8. Independence Day Celebrations: On March 26th each year, Bangladesh commemorates its independence from Pakistan with parades, flag-hoisting ceremonies, and cultural programs that highlight the spirit of patriotism.

Cuisine and Architecture

Dhaka offers a diverse and vibrant culinary scene, with its local cuisine featuring a mix of spicy, flavorful dishes like biryani and haleem. The city’s architecture is a blend of traditional Bengali elements, colonial influences, and modern designs seen in buildings like the National Parliament House.

Local Cuisine

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a melting pot of culinary delights. Traders, immigrants, and visitors from all over brought their unique flavors and cooking styles to this vibrant city.

The local cuisine in Dhaka offers a diverse range of dishes that will surely tantalize your taste buds. From spicy curries and biryanis to mouthwatering street food like pani puri and jhal muri, there’s something for everyone here.

Don’t forget to try the famous Haji Biriyani or Kacchi Biriyani – two iconic dishes that define Dhaka’s food scene. Whether you’re a meat lover or a vegetarian, Dhaka has plenty of options to satisfy your cravings and leave you craving for more!

Architectural Highlights

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is known for its rich architectural heritage. Here are some notable architectural highlights in the city:

1. Sher-e-Bangla Nagar: Designed by renowned architect Louis Kahn, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar is a masterpiece of modern architecture. It houses government and administrative buildings.
2. Parliament Complex: Another iconic creation by Louis Kahn, the Parliament complex in Dhaka is considered a significant work of postwar architecture. Its unique design reflects the country’s cultural and political identity.
3. Lalbagh Fort: Built in the 17th century, Lalbagh Fort showcases a fascinating blend of Mughal and Bengali architectural styles. It features ornate structures like the Diwan-i-Aam and the Tomb of Pari Bibi.
4. Ahsan Manzil: Also known as the Pink Palace, Ahsan Manzil is an elegant palace built during the British colonial period. Its Indo-Saracenic architecture makes it a must-visit attraction in Dhaka.
5. Dhakeshwari Temple: This ancient Hindu temple is an architectural gem, characterized by intricate carvings and domes reminiscent of traditional Bengali architecture.
6. National Parliament House: The striking National Parliament House complex combines modernity with elements inspired by Bengal’s historic terracotta temples. It symbolizes Bangladesh’s democratic governance.

Education and Sports

Education and sports play a vital role in the vibrant city of Dhaka, with esteemed publishing and media outlets, renowned educational institutions, and a thriving sports culture.

Publishing and Media

TV is the main form of media in Bangladesh. It is the most popular way for people to get news and entertainment. There are many TV channels available, offering a wide range of programs in different languages.

The media sector in Bangladesh is largely dominated by television, with little information available about other publishing platforms such as newspapers or magazines. So if you want to know what’s happening in Bangladesh, watching TV is the way to go!

Education and Research Institutions

Dhaka is home to several education and research institutions that focus on sports and physical education. Here are some important ones:

1. American International School Dhaka (AISD): This independent coeducational day school provides education from pre-kindergarten through high school.
2. National Center for Education: It supports and promotes online learning for both students and teachers.
3. Various Education and Research Institutions: Dhaka houses a range of institutions dedicated to sports and physical education, offering programs and research opportunities in these fields.

Sports

Sports in Dhaka:

• Cricket: Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh. Many people in Dhaka love to play and watch cricket matches.
• Football: Football is also very popular in Dhaka. People enjoy playing and watching football games.
• Ha-du-du: Ha-du-du is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is a traditional game that is played in many places, including Dhaka.

Places to Visit and Things to Do in Dhaka

– Lalbagh Fort, a historical fort dating back to the 17th century.

– Ahsan Manzil, a magnificent palace-turned-museum showcasing the rich history of Dhaka.

– National Parliament House, an architectural marvel and symbol of Bangladesh’s democracy.

– Dhakeshwari Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the country.

– Old Dhaka and Sadarghat, where you can experience the vibrant chaos and bustling river port.

Ready to explore more? Discover the hidden treasures of Dhaka’s culture, cuisine, and architecture!

Lalbagh Fort

Lalbagh Fort is a historical palace located on the banks of the Buriganga River in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Built in the 17th century during Mughal rule, it remains unfinished and incomplete.

The fort is known for its architectural highlights, including the Diwan-i-Aam (public audience hall), the tomb of Pari Bibi, and a mosque. Construction began in 1678 but was abandoned after the death of Shaista Khan.

Today, Lalbagh Fort is a popular tourist attraction where visitors can explore its rich history and admire its stunning architecture.

Ahsan Manzil

Ahsan Manzil is a beautiful palace located in the Kumartoli area of Dhaka. It used to be the official residence and seat of the Nawab of Dhaka. Construction on Ahsan Manzil started in 1859 and was finished in 1872.

The palace is also known as the Pink Palace because of its distinct pink color. Situated along the banks of the Buriganga River in Old Dhaka, Ahsan Manzil now serves as a museum and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Dhaka city.

National Parliament House

The National Parliament House, also known as Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, is located in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Designed by renowned architect Louis Kahn, this iconic structure was built when Bangladesh was still a part of Pakistan.

Covering an area of over 200 acres, it is one of the largest parliamentary houses in the world. The National Parliament House is considered an architectural masterpiece and is highly recommended for visitors to Dhaka.

While the actual parliament chamber is not open to the public, tours of the Jatiyo Sangshad complex are available.

Dhakeshwari Temple

Dhakeshwari Temple is a famous Hindu temple located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is known as the country’s ‘National Temple’ and holds great significance for Hindus in Bangladesh.

This temple was established in the 12th century CE by King Ballal Sen, a Hindu ruler. It stands as the largest Hindu temple in Dhaka. When you visit this temple, you will be captivated by its beautiful domes and vibrant colors.

Remember to take off your shoes before entering the temple premises as it is customary to do so.

Old Dhaka and Sadarghat.

Old Dhaka and Sadarghat are an important part of the history and culture of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Old Dhaka is the historic old city that was founded in 1608. It is known for its rich heritage, traditional buildings, and bustling markets.

Some popular attractions in Old Dhaka include Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil, Curzon Hall, Sonargaon, and the National Parliament House. Sadarghat is a major riverfront located in Old Dhaka near the Buriganga River.

It is the largest river port in Bangladesh and serves as a crucial transportation hub for goods and people. Despite their historical significance, both areas suffer from poor infrastructure, mass poverty, heavy pollution, and extreme overcrowding.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Dhaka is the vibrant capital city of Bangladesh. It is steeped in history, with its beautiful architecture and cultural traditions. The city serves as the economic and political center of the country, making it a significant hub for trade and industry.

With its rich heritage, bustling markets, and historical landmarks, Dhaka offers visitors a unique experience that showcases the charm and significance of this dynamic capital.

FAQs

1. What is the capital of Bangladesh?

The capital of Bangladesh is Dhaka.

2. Can you tell more about Dhaka’s history?

Dhaka has a rich history with many important events and facts that shape it today.

3. Why is Dhaka significant?

Dhaka holds great significance as it plays an essential part in the economy, culture, and politics of Bangladesh.

4. Does the guide talk about any unique facts related to Dhaka?

Yes, the guide provides various interesting and unique facts about Dhaka’s past and present time.